{"id":106,"date":"2026-03-22T21:49:25","date_gmt":"2026-03-22T13:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/?p=106"},"modified":"2026-03-22T21:49:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T13:49:25","slug":"c11-%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e6%8c%87%e9%92%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/2026\/03\/22\/c11-%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e6%8c%87%e9%92%88\/","title":{"rendered":"C++11 \u2014\u2014\u2014 \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/so.csdn.net\/so\/search?q=\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488&amp;spm=1001.2101.3001.7020\">\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/a>\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u662f\u6307\u56e0\u4e3a\u758f\u5ffd\u6216\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672a\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int div()\n{\n    int a, b;\n    cin &gt;&gt; a &gt;&gt; b;\n    if (b == 0)\n        throw invalid_argument(\"\u96640\u9519\u8bef\");\n    return a \/ b;\n}\nvoid func()\n{\n    int* ptr = new int;\n    \/\/...\n    cout &lt;&lt; div() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    \/\/...\n    delete ptr;\n}\nint main()\n{\n    try\n    {\n        func();\n    }\n    catch (exception&amp; e)\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u9664\u6570\u4e3a0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48div\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684catch\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4func\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5229\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u6355\u83b7\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728func\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5148\u5bf9div\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u540e\u5148\u5c06\u4e4b\u524d\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u5f02\u5e38\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int div()\n{\n    int a, b;\n    cin &gt;&gt; a &gt;&gt; b;\n    if (b == 0)\n        throw invalid_argument(\"\u96640\u9519\u8bef\");\n    return a \/ b;\n}\nvoid func()\n{\n    int* ptr = new int;\n    try\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; div() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    catch (...)\n    {\n        delete ptr;\n        throw;\n    }\n    delete ptr;\n}\nint main()\n{\n    try\n    {\n        func();\n    }\n    catch (exception&amp; e)\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5229\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>template&lt;class T&gt;\nclass SmartPtr\n{\npublic:\n    SmartPtr(T* ptr)\n        :_ptr(ptr)\n    {}\n    ~SmartPtr()\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"delete: \" &lt;&lt; _ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n        delete _ptr;\n    }\n    T&amp; operator*()\n    {\n        return *_ptr;\n    }\n    T* operator-&gt;()\n    {\n        return _ptr;\n    }\nprivate:\n    T* _ptr;\n};\nint div()\n{\n    int a, b;\n    cin &gt;&gt; a &gt;&gt; b;\n    if (b == 0)\n        throw invalid_argument(\"\u96640\u9519\u8bef\");\n    return a \/ b;\n}\nvoid func()\n{\n    SmartPtr&lt;int&gt; sp(new int);\n    \/\/...\n    cout &lt;&lt; div() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    \/\/...\n}\nint main()\n{\n    try\n    {\n        func();\n    }\n    catch (exception&amp; e)\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5c06\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aSmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u6784\u9020SmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0cSmartPtr\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728SmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u65f6\uff0cSmartPtr\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9SmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u539f\u751f\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9<code>*<\/code>\u548c<code>-><\/code>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u4e2d\u9014\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u629b\u5f02\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u8981SmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u5c31\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5373RAII\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9<code>*<\/code>\u548c<code>-><\/code>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6982\u5ff5\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong> RAII\uff08Resource Acquisition Is Initialization\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684SmartPtr\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aSmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aSmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2aSmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aSmartPtr\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int main()\n{\n    SmartPtr&lt;int&gt; sp1(new int);\n    SmartPtr&lt;int&gt; sp2(sp1); \/\/\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\n\n    SmartPtr&lt;int&gt; sp3(new int);\n    SmartPtr&lt;int&gt; sp4(new int);\n    sp3 = sp4; \/\/\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u5b8c\u6210\u503c\u62f7\u8d1d\uff08\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528sp1\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020sp2\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fd9sp1\u548csp2\u7ba1\u7406\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53sp1\u548csp2\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e24\u6b21\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u503c\u62f7\u8d1d\uff08\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06sp4\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9sp3\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8esp3\u548csp4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u539f\u6765sp3\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53sp3\u548csp4\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4sp4\u539f\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6a21\u62df\u539f\u751f\u6307\u9488\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u65f6\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u672c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u884c\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u4f46\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u53c8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u636e\u89e3\u51b3\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C++\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::auto_ptr<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>auto_ptr\u662fC++98\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff0cauto_ptr\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int main()\n{\n    std::auto_ptr&lt;int&gt; ap1(new int(1));\n    std::auto_ptr&lt;int&gt; ap2(ap1);\n    *ap2 = 10;\n    \/\/*ap1 = 20; \/\/error\n\n    std::auto_ptr&lt;int&gt; ap3(new int(1));\n    std::auto_ptr&lt;int&gt; ap4(new int(2));\n    ap3 = ap4;\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u540e\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7528\u5bf9\u539f\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528auto_ptr\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528auto_ptr\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>auto_ptr\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u7684auto_ptr\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9<code>*<\/code>\u548c<code>-><\/code>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f7fauto_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u6784\u9020\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7f6e\u7a7a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u63a5\u7ba1\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7f6e\u7a7a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namespace cl\n{\n    template&lt;class T&gt;\n    class auto_ptr\n    {\n    public:\n        \/\/RAII\n        auto_ptr(T* ptr = nullptr)\n            :_ptr(ptr)\n        {}\n        ~auto_ptr()\n        {\n            if (_ptr != nullptr)\n            {\n                cout &lt;&lt; \"delete: \" &lt;&lt; _ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n                delete _ptr;\n                _ptr = nullptr;\n            }\n        }\n        auto_ptr(auto_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; ap)\n            :_ptr(ap._ptr)\n        {\n            ap._ptr = nullptr; \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u540eap\u88ab\u7f6e\u7a7a\n        }\n        auto_ptr&amp; operator=(auto_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; ap)\n        {\n            if (this != &amp;ap)\n            {\n                delete _ptr;       \/\/\u91ca\u653e\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n                _ptr = ap._ptr;    \/\/\u63a5\u7ba1ap\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n                ap._ptr = nullptr; \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u540eap\u88ab\u7f6e\u7a7a\n            }\n            return *this;\n        }\n        \/\/\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\n        T&amp; operator*()\n        {\n            return *_ptr;\n        }\n        T* operator-&gt;()\n        {\n            return _ptr;\n        }\n    private:\n        T* _ptr; \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n    };\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::<a href=\"https:\/\/so.csdn.net\/so\/search?q=unique_ptr&amp;spm=1001.2101.3001.7020\">unique_ptr<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u9632\u62f7\u8d1d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>unique_ptr\u662fC++11\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff0cunique_ptr\u901a\u8fc7\u9632\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u9632\u6b62\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int main()\n{\n    std::unique_ptr&lt;int&gt; up1(new int(0));\n    \/\/std::unique_ptr&lt;int&gt; up2(up1); \/\/error\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u9632\u62f7\u8d1d\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>unique_ptr\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u7684unique_ptr\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9<code>*<\/code>\u548c<code>-><\/code>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f7funique_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528C++98\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528C++11\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a<code>=delete<\/code>\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namespace cl\n{\n    template&lt;class T&gt;\n    class unique_ptr\n    {\n    public:\n        \/\/RAII\n        unique_ptr(T* ptr = nullptr)\n            :_ptr(ptr)\n        {}\n        ~unique_ptr()\n        {\n            if (_ptr != nullptr)\n            {\n                cout &lt;&lt; \"delete: \" &lt;&lt; _ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n                delete _ptr;\n                _ptr = nullptr;\n            }\n        }\n        \/\/\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\n        T&amp; operator*()\n        {\n            return *_ptr;\n        }\n        T* operator-&gt;()\n        {\n            return _ptr;\n        }\n        \/\/\u9632\u62f7\u8d1d\n        unique_ptr(unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; up) = delete;\n        unique_ptr&amp; operator=(unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; up) = delete;\n    private:\n        T* _ptr; \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n    };\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::<a href=\"https:\/\/so.csdn.net\/so\/search?q=shared_ptr&amp;spm=1001.2101.3001.7020\">shared_ptr<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::shared_ptr\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>shared_ptr\u662fC++11\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff0cshared_ptr\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8bb0\u5f55\u7740\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8fdb\u884c<code>++<\/code>\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u518d\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8fdb\u884c<code>--<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u4e3a0\u65f6\u8bf4\u660e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u7ba1\u7406\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u4e3a0\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int main()\n{\n    cl::shared_ptr&lt;int&gt; sp1(new int(1));\n    cl::shared_ptr&lt;int&gt; sp2(sp1);\n    *sp1 = 10;\n    *sp2 = 20;\n    cout &lt;&lt; sp1.use_count() &lt;&lt; endl; \/\/2\n\n    cl::shared_ptr&lt;int&gt; sp3(new int(1));\n    cl::shared_ptr&lt;int&gt; sp4(new int(2));\n    sp3 = sp4;\n    cout &lt;&lt; sp3.use_count() &lt;&lt; endl; \/\/2\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong> use_count\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>shared_ptr\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u7684shared_ptr\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728shared_ptr\u7c7b\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cfcount\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<code>++<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<code>--<\/code>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u51cf\u4e3a0\u5219\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4e0e\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<code>++<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<code>--<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51cf\u4e3a0\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9<code>*<\/code>\u548c<code>-><\/code>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f7fshared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namespace cl\n{\n    template&lt;class T&gt;\n    class shared_ptr\n    {\n    public:\n        \/\/RAII\n        shared_ptr(T* ptr = nullptr)\n            :_ptr(ptr)\n            , _pcount(new int(1))\n        {}\n        ~shared_ptr()\n        {\n            if (--(*_pcount) == 0)\n            {\n                if (_ptr != nullptr)\n                {\n                    cout &lt;&lt; \"delete: \" &lt;&lt; _ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n                    delete _ptr;\n                    _ptr = nullptr;\n                }\n                delete _pcount;\n                _pcount = nullptr;\n            }\n        }\n        shared_ptr(shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; sp)\n            :_ptr(sp._ptr)\n            , _pcount(sp._pcount)\n        {\n            (*_pcount)++;\n        }\n        shared_ptr&amp; operator=(shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; sp)\n        {\n            if (_ptr != sp._ptr) \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\n            {\n                if (--(*_pcount) == 0) \/\/\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570--\n                {\n                    cout &lt;&lt; \"delete: \" &lt;&lt; _ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n                    delete _ptr;\n                    delete _pcount;\n                }\n                _ptr = sp._ptr;       \/\/\u4e0esp\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u540c\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n                _pcount = sp._pcount; \/\/\u83b7\u53d6sp\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n                (*_pcount)++;         \/\/\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570++\n            }\n            return *this;\n        }\n        \/\/\u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n        int use_count()\n        {\n            return *_pcount;\n        }\n        \/\/\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\n        T&amp; operator*()\n        {\n            return *_ptr;\n        }\n        T* operator-&gt;()\n        {\n            return _ptr;\n        }\n    private:\n        T* _ptr;      \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n        int* _pcount; \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n    };\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5806\u533a\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0cshared_ptr\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570count\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aint\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2ashared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684count\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u5230\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/6b6263d9ca0ed325cea6466265896e1d.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0cshared_ptr\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570count\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/9d99fba04c7f4f8a8523f4871bedcff7.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5982\u679c\u5c06shared_ptr\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570count\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u65f6\u5c31\u5728\u5806\u533a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u60f3\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9664\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ed9\u5b83\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e5f\u7ed9\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e86\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/12f86fee439a7f73e7ebbfc876d387f8.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::shared_ptr\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>shared_ptr\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684shared_ptr\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u589e\u6216\u81ea\u51cf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u589e\u548c\u81ea\u51cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u9501\u6765\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7528\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2ashared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c1000\u6b21\u62f7\u8d1d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u62f7\u8d1d\u51fa\u6765\u540e\u53c8\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>void func(cl::shared_ptr&lt;int&gt;&amp; sp, size_t n)\n{\n    for (size_t i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\n    {\n        cl::shared_ptr&lt;int&gt; copy(sp);\n    }\n}\nint main()\n{\n    cl::shared_ptr&lt;int&gt; p(new int(0));\n\n    const size_t n = 1000;\n    thread t1(func, p, n);\n    thread t2(func, p, n);\n\n    t1.join();\n    t2.join();\n\n    cout &lt;&lt; p.use_count() &lt;&lt; endl; \/\/\u9884\u671f\uff1a1\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u589e\u548c\u81ea\u51cf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6700\u7ec8\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u503c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62f7\u8d1d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u6700\u521d\u7684shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd8\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f97\u5230\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u81ea\u589e\u548c\u81ea\u51cf\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u52a0\u9501\u89e3\u51b3\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u81ea\u589e\u548c\u81ea\u51cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u7c7batomic\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5\u52a0\u9501\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728shared_ptr\u7c7b\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5806\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u4e5f\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5806\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u81ea\u589e\u64cd\u4f5c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210AddRef\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u81ea\u51cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210ReleaseRef\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5bf9AddRef\u548cReleaseRef\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namespace cl\n{\n    template&lt;class T&gt;\n    class shared_ptr\n    {\n    private:\n        \/\/++\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n        void AddRef()\n        {\n            _pmutex-&gt;lock();\n            (*_pcount)++;\n            _pmutex-&gt;unlock();\n        }\n        \/\/--\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n        void ReleaseRef()\n        {\n            _pmutex-&gt;lock();\n            bool flag = false;\n            if (--(*_pcount) == 0) \/\/\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570--\n            {\n                if (_ptr != nullptr)\n                {\n                    cout &lt;&lt; \"delete: \" &lt;&lt; _ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n                    delete _ptr;\n                    _ptr = nullptr;\n                }\n                delete _pcount;\n                _pcount = nullptr;\n                flag = true;\n            }\n            _pmutex-&gt;unlock();\n            if (flag == true)\n            {\n                delete _pmutex;\n            }\n        }\n    public:\n        \/\/RAII\n        shared_ptr(T* ptr = nullptr)\n            :_ptr(ptr)\n            , _pcount(new int(1))\n            , _pmutex(new mutex)\n        {}\n        ~shared_ptr()\n        {\n            ReleaseRef();\n        }\n        shared_ptr(shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; sp)\n            :_ptr(sp._ptr)\n            , _pcount(sp._pcount)\n            , _pmutex(sp._pmutex)\n        {\n            AddRef();\n        }\n        shared_ptr&amp; operator=(shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; sp)\n        {\n            if (_ptr != sp._ptr) \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\n            {\n                ReleaseRef();         \/\/\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570--\n                _ptr = sp._ptr;       \/\/\u4e0esp\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u540c\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n                _pcount = sp._pcount; \/\/\u83b7\u53d6sp\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n                _pmutex = sp._pmutex; \/\/\u83b7\u53d6sp\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\n                AddRef();             \/\/\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570++\n            }\n            return *this;\n        }\n        \/\/\u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n        int use_count()\n        {\n            return *_pcount;\n        }\n        \/\/\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\n        T&amp; operator*()\n        {\n            return *_ptr;\n        }\n        T* operator-&gt;()\n        {\n            return _ptr;\n        }\n    private:\n        T* _ptr;        \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n        int* _pcount;   \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n        mutex* _pmutex; \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\n    };\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728ReleaseRef\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u88ab\u51cf\u4e3a0\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aflag\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7flag\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u89e3\u9501\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shared_ptr\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u539f\u751f\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u539f\u751f\u6307\u9488\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::shared_ptr\u7684\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5<code>delete<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u5408\u9002\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5<code>new<\/code>\u65b9\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5<code>new[]<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>struct ListNode\n{\n    ListNode* _next;\n    ListNode* _prev;\n    int _val;\n    ~ListNode()\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"~ListNode()\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n};\nint main()\n{\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; sp1(new ListNode&#91;10]);   \/\/error\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;FILE&gt; sp2(fopen(\"test.cpp\", \"r\")); \/\/error\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\u5f53\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5<code>delete<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5<code>new[]<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<code>delete[]<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528<code>fclose<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cC++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684shared_ptr\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>template &lt;class U, class D&gt;\nshared_ptr (U* p, D del);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>p\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>del\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u3001\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\u3001lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u5305\u88c5\u540e\u7684\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u5220\u9664\u5668\u65f6\u4f1a\u5c06shared_ptr\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5<code>new<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6784\u9020\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4f20\u5165\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>template&lt;class T&gt;\nstruct DelArr\n{\n    void operator()(const T* ptr)\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"delete&#91;]: \" &lt;&lt; ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n        delete&#91;] ptr;\n    }\n};\nint main()\n{\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; sp1(new ListNode&#91;10], DelArr&lt;ListNode&gt;());\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;FILE&gt; sp2(fopen(\"test.cpp\", \"r\"), &#91;](FILE* ptr){\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"fclose: \" &lt;&lt; ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n        fclose(ptr);\n    });\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0shared_ptr\u65f6\u662f\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0shared_ptr\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5220\u9664\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728ReleaseRef\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52bf\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u91cc\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8981\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684shared_ptr\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9shared_ptr\u7c7b\u518d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u9020shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7136\u540e\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u5165\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u5220\u9664\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u6700\u597d\u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f20\u5165\u5220\u9664\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5delete\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namespace cl\n{\n    \/\/\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\n    template&lt;class T&gt;\n    struct Delete\n    {\n        void operator()(const T* ptr)\n        {\n            delete ptr;\n        }\n    };\n    template&lt;class T, class D = Delete&lt;T&gt;&gt;\n    class shared_ptr\n    {\n    private:\n        void ReleaseRef()\n        {\n            _pmutex-&gt;lock();\n            bool flag = false;\n            if (--(*_pcount) == 0) \/\/\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570--\n            {\n                if (_ptr != nullptr)\n                {\n                    cout &lt;&lt; \"delete: \" &lt;&lt; _ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n                    _del(_ptr); \/\/\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\n                    _ptr = nullptr;\n                }\n                delete _pcount;\n                _pcount = nullptr;\n                flag = true;\n            }\n            _pmutex-&gt;unlock();\n            if (flag == true)\n            {\n                delete _pmutex;\n            }\n        }\n        \/\/...\n    public:\n        shared_ptr(T* ptr, D del)\n            : _ptr(ptr)\n            , _pcount(new int(1))\n            , _pmutex(new mutex)\n            , _del(del)\n        {}\n        \/\/...\n    private:\n        T* _ptr;        \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n        int* _pcount;   \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\n        mutex* _pmutex; \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\n        D _del;         \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\n    };\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684shared_ptr\u5c31\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u5668\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u6ca1\u6709C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6784\u9020shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u6307\u660e\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u4e2alambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5c31\u66f4\u9ebb\u70e6\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3alambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u660e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f20\u53c2\u65f6\u81ea\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u6f14\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7528auto\u63a5\u6536lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7528decltype\u6765\u58f0\u660e\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>template&lt;class T&gt;\nstruct DelArr\n{\n    void operator()(const T* ptr)\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"delete&#91;]: \" &lt;&lt; ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n        delete&#91;] ptr;\n    }\n};\nint main()\n{\n    \/\/\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\u793a\u4f8b\n    cl::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode, DelArr&lt;ListNode&gt;&gt; sp1(new ListNode&#91;10], DelArr&lt;ListNode&gt;());\n\n    \/\/lambda\u793a\u4f8b1\n    cl::shared_ptr&lt;FILE, function&lt;void(FILE*)&gt;&gt; sp2(fopen(\"test.cpp\", \"r\"), &#91;](FILE* ptr){\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"fclose: \" &lt;&lt; ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n        fclose(ptr);\n    });\n\n    \/\/lambda\u793a\u4f8b2\n    auto f = &#91;](FILE* ptr){\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"fclose: \" &lt;&lt; ptr &lt;&lt; endl;\n        fclose(ptr);\n    };\n    cl::shared_ptr&lt;FILE, decltype(f)&gt; sp3(fopen(\"test.cpp\", \"r\"), f);\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::weak_ptr<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::shared_ptr\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>shared_ptr\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u624d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u70b9\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7ed3\u70b9\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u53e5\u63d0\u793a\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>struct ListNode\n{\n    ListNode* _next;\n    ListNode* _prev;\n    int _val;\n    ~ListNode()\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"~ListNode()\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5<code>new<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4ee5<code>delete<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int main()\n{\n    ListNode* node1 = new ListNode;\n    ListNode* node2 = new ListNode;\n\n    node1-&gt;_next = node2;\n    node2-&gt;_prev = node1;\n    \/\/...\n    delete node1;\n    delete node2;\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u9014\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u629b\u5f02\u5e38\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e24\u4e2ashared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u8fde\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u628aListNode\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684next\u548cprev\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u6539\u4e3ashared_ptr\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>struct ListNode\n{\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; _next;\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; _prev;\n    int _val;\n    ~ListNode()\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"~ListNode()\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n};\nint main()\n{\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; node1(new ListNode);\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; node2(new ListNode);\n\n    node1-&gt;_next = node2;\n    node2-&gt;_prev = node1;\n    \/\/...\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53bb\u6389\u8fde\u63a5\u7ed3\u70b9\u65f6\u7684\u4e24\u53e5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u5c31\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u53e5\u8fde\u63a5\u7ed3\u70b9\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4ee5new\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u4e24\u4e2aListNode\u7ed3\u70b9\u5e76\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e24\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u90fd\u88ab\u52a0\u5230\u4e861\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/4ecdfc7c89727898dee52cd6527a5787.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u8d44\u6e901\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684next\u6210\u5458\u4e0enode2\u4e00\u540c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e902\uff0c\u8d44\u6e902\u4e2d\u7684prev\u6210\u5458\u4e0enode1\u4e00\u540c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e901\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u90fd\u88ab\u52a0\u5230\u4e862\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/fe5baf2bc6e6974c4cc1a757951ce298.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u51fa\u4e86main\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u540e\uff0cnode1\u548cnode2\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e5f\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u51cf\u5230\u4e861\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/849913b301214ed1eb3aec17bed0abfd.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u672a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u4e3a0\u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d44\u6e901\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e902\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684prev\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u8d44\u6e902\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e901\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684next\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u800c\u8d44\u6e901\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684next\u6210\u5458\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u53c8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e901\uff0c\u8d44\u6e902\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684prev\u6210\u5458\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u53c8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e902\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd9\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u65e0\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ed3\u70b9\u65f6\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53node1\u548cnode2\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u88ab\u51cf\u4e3a0\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u51cf\u4e3a0\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u90fd\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u5c31\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">std::weak_ptr\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>weak_ptr\u662fC++11\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff0cweak_ptr\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3shared_ptr\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>weak_ptr\u652f\u6301\u7528shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u6784\u9020weak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684weak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0eshared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8fd9\u5757\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06ListNode\u4e2d\u7684next\u548cprev\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6362\u6210weak_ptr\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5f53node1\u548cnode2\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5c31\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u51cf\u4e3a0\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>struct ListNode\n{\n    std::weak_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; _next;\n    std::weak_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; _prev;\n    int _val;\n    ~ListNode()\n    {\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"~ListNode()\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n};\nint main()\n{\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; node1(new ListNode);\n    std::shared_ptr&lt;ListNode&gt; node2(new ListNode);\n\n    cout &lt;&lt; node1.use_count() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    cout &lt;&lt; node2.use_count() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    node1-&gt;_next = node2;\n    node2-&gt;_prev = node1;\n    \/\/...\n    cout &lt;&lt; node1.use_count() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    cout &lt;&lt; node2.use_count() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7use_count\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u524d\u540e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5c31\u662f1\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662fweak_ptr\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>weak_ptr\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u7684weak_ptr\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u53c2\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u521a\u624dnew ListNode\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528weak_ptr\u7684\u65e0\u53c2\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u7528shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020weak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u7528shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9weak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9*\u548c->\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f7fweak_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namespace cl\n{\n    template&lt;class T&gt;\n    class weak_ptr\n    {\n    public:\n        weak_ptr()\n            :_ptr(nullptr)\n        {}\n        weak_ptr(const shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; sp)\n            :_ptr(sp.get())\n        {}\n        weak_ptr&amp; operator=(const shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;&amp; sp)\n        {\n            _ptr = sp.get();\n            return *this;\n        }\n        \/\/\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\n        T&amp; operator*()\n        {\n            return *_ptr;\n        }\n        T* operator-&gt;()\n        {\n            return _ptr;\n        }\n    private:\n        T* _ptr; \/\/\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\n    };\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong> shared_ptr\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2aget\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C++11\u548cboost\u4e2d\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C++98\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488auto_ptr\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C++boost\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528\u7684scoped_ptr\u3001shared_ptr\u548cweak_ptr\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C++TR1\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86boost\u4e2d\u7684shared_ptr\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662fTR1\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7248\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C++11\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86boost\u4e2d\u7684unique_ptr\u3001shared_ptr\u548cweak_ptr\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cunique_ptr\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5c31\u662fboost\u4e2d\u7684scoped_ptr\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u662f\u53c2\u8003boost\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1aboost\u5e93\u662f\u4e3aC++\u8bed\u8a00\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e9bC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e93\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff0cboost\u5e93\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u521d\u8877\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u4e3aC++\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u9001\u5ba1C++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93TR1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5341\u4e2aboost\u5e93\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u5019\u9009\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u539f\u7406 \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u95ee\u9898 \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u662f\u6307\u56e0\u4e3a\u758f\u5ffd\u6216\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672a\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1],"tags":[22,23],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cpp","category-learn","tag-c11","tag-23"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions\/107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}