{"id":163,"date":"2026-03-24T13:52:02","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T05:52:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/?p=163"},"modified":"2026-03-24T13:52:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T05:52:02","slug":"linux%e9%ab%98%e7%ba%a7io","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/2026\/03\/24\/linux%e9%ab%98%e7%ba%a7io\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u9ad8\u7ea7IO"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IO\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fIO\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>I\/O\uff08input\/output\uff09\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/97c045b042f0297b787526a1cd3eccb3.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cdIO\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6IO\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5916\u8bbe\u5c31\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u8d28\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cdIO\uff0c\u7f51\u7edcIO\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5916\u8bbe\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u5361\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>OS\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u77e5\u5916\u8bbe\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f93\u5165\u5c31\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5916\u8bbe\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5\u7279\u5b9a\u5916\u8bbe\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u60f3\u8981\u4ece\u5916\u8bbe\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5916\u8bbe\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u51fa\u540e\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u5f53\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u5bf9\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u53bb\u68c0\u6d4b\u5916\u8bbe\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5916\u8bbe\u5f53\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u9645\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5f97\u77e5\u5916\u8bbe\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u5916\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5916\u8bbe\u5c31\u4f1a\u5411CPU\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e2d\u65ad\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u518d\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9CPU\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u4fe1\u53f7\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u65ad\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u53eb\u505a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u5f53CPU\u6536\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u505c\u6b62\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u4e2d\u65ad\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u88ab\u6682\u505c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cCPU\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5916\u8bbe\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u8bbe\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u67d0\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9CPU\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>OS\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u518d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u53eb\u505ask_buff\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u63a5\u6536\u6216\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660esk_buff\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u7684sk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/020e111e20d373361bbbddc19e691b57.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u5f53\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ea4\u7ed9\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5305\u548c\u5206\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e0a\u5c42\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u90a3\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2ask_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8bf4\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u89e3\u5305\u548c\u5206\u7528\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2ask_buff\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528sk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684data\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2ask_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6sk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53cc\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u53cc\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u89e3\u5305\u548c\u5206\u7528\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9sk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684mac_header\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5411\u540e\u8bfb\u53d6\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u62a5\u5934\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4fbf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u89e3\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd9\u65f6\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u5411\u4e0a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5305\u548c\u5206\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u53ea\u662f\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5411\u4e0a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ba9sk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684network_header\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u62a5\u5934\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u540e\u8bfb\u53d6\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u62a5\u5934\uff0c\u4fbf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u89e3\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4e86\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u8ba9sk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684transport_header\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u62a5\u5934\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u540e\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u62a5\u5934\uff0c\u4fbf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u89e3\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u89e3\u5305\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c06\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230TCP\u6216UDP\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u53d6\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/900d4f92c7a2e1f9458d21c0e0f03b36.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/900d4f92c7a2e1f9458d21c0e0f03b36.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5728\u6570\u636e\u524d\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u62a5\u5934\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff08UDP\uff09\u6216\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08TCP\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684sk_buff\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u6837\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62a5\u6587\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42sk_buff\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0csk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5171\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64sk_buff\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u517c\u5bb9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64sk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2dsk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>struct sk_buff {\n#ifdef __GENKSYMS__\n    \/* These two members must be first. *\/\n    struct sk_buff          *next;\n    struct sk_buff          *prev;\n    ktime_t         tstamp;\n#else\n    union {\n        struct {\n            \/* These two members must be first. *\/\n            struct sk_buff          *next;\n            struct sk_buff          *prev;\n\n            union {\n                ktime_t         tstamp;\n                struct skb_mstamp skb_mstamp;\n                __RH_KABI_CHECK_SIZE_ALIGN(ktime_t a,\n                struct skb_mstamp b);\n            };\n        };\n        struct rb_node  rbnode; \/* used in netem, ip4 defrag, and tcp stack *\/\n    };\n#endif\n    struct sock             *sk;\n    struct net_device       *dev;\n\n    \/*\n    * This is the control buffer. It is free to use for every\n    * layer. Please put your private variables there. If you\n    * want to keep them across layers you have to do a skb_clone()\n    * first. This is owned by whoever has the skb queued ATM.\n    *\/\n    char                    cb&#91;48] __aligned(8);\n\n    unsigned long           _skb_refdst;\n#ifdef CONFIG_XFRM\n    struct  sec_path        *sp;\n#endif\n    unsigned int            len,\n        data_len;\n    __u16                   mac_len,\n        hdr_len;\n    union {\n        __wsum          csum;\n        struct {\n            __u16   csum_start;\n            __u16   csum_offset;\n        };\n    };\n    __u32                   priority;\n    kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags1);\n    __u8                    RH_KABI_RENAME(local_df, ignore_df) :1,\n    cloned : 1,\n         ip_summed : 2,\n                 nohdr : 1,\n                     nfctinfo : 3;\n    __u8                    pkt_type : 3,\n    fclone : 2,\n         ipvs_property : 1,\n                     peeked : 1,\n                          nf_trace : 1;\n    kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags1);\n    __be16                  protocol;\n\n    void(*destructor)(struct sk_buff *skb);\n#if defined(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK) || defined(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_MODULE)\n    struct nf_conntrack     *nfct;\n#endif\n#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER)\n    struct nf_bridge_info   *nf_bridge;\n#endif\n\n    \/* fields enclosed in headers_start\/headers_end are copied\n    * using a single memcpy() in __copy_skb_header()\n    *\/\n    \/* private: *\/\n    RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u32    headers_start&#91;0])\n        \/* public: *\/\n\n        int                     skb_iif;\n\n    RH_KABI_REPLACE(__u32   rxhash,\n        __u32   hash)\n\n        __be16                  vlan_proto;\n    __u16                   vlan_tci;\n\n#ifdef CONFIG_NET_SCHED\n    __u16                   tc_index;       \/* traffic control index *\/\n#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT\n    __u16                   tc_verd;        \/* traffic control verdict *\/\n#endif\n#endif\n\n    __u16                   queue_mapping;\n    kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags2);\n#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_NDISC_NODETYPE\n    __u8                    ndisc_nodetype : 2;\n#endif\n    __u8                    pfmemalloc : 1;\n    __u8                    ooo_okay : 1;\n    __u8                    RH_KABI_RENAME(l4_rxhash, l4_hash) :1;\n    __u8                    wifi_acked_valid : 1;\n    __u8                    wifi_acked : 1;\n    __u8                    no_fcs : 1;\n    __u8                    head_frag : 1;\n    \/* Indicates the inner headers are valid in the skbuff. *\/\n    __u8                    encapsulation : 1;\n    RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     encap_hdr_csum : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     csum_valid : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     csum_complete_sw : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     xmit_more : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     inner_protocol_type : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     remcsum_offload : 1)\n        \/* 0\/2 bit hole (depending on ndisc_nodetype presence) *\/\n        kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags2);\n\n#if defined CONFIG_NET_DMA_RH_KABI || defined CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL || defined CONFIG_XPS\n    union {\n        unsigned int    napi_id;\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(unsigned int     sender_cpu)\n            RH_KABI_DEPRECATE(dma_cookie_t, dma_cookie)\n    };\n#endif\n#ifdef CONFIG_NETWORK_SECMARK\n    __u32                   secmark;\n#endif\n    union {\n        __u32           mark;\n        __u32           dropcount;\n        __u32           reserved_tailroom;\n    };\n\n#ifdef __GENKSYMS__\n    __be16                  inner_protocol;\n#else\n    union {\n        __be16          inner_protocol;\n        __u8            inner_ipproto;\n    };\n#endif\n\n    __u16                   inner_transport_header;\n    __u16                   inner_network_header;\n    __u16                   inner_mac_header;\n    __u16                   transport_header;\n    __u16                   network_header;\n    __u16                   mac_header;\n\n    RH_KABI_EXTEND(kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags3))\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     csum_level : 2)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     rh_csum_pad : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     rh_csum_bad_unused : 1) \/* one bit hole *\/\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     offload_fwd_mark : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     sw_hash : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     csum_not_inet : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     dst_pending_confirm : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     offload_mr_fwd_mark : 1)\n        \/* 7 bit hole *\/\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags3))\n\n        \/* private: *\/\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u32    headers_end&#91;0])\n        \/* public: *\/\n\n        \/* RHEL SPECIFIC\n        *\n        * The following padding has been inserted before ABI freeze to\n        * allow extending the structure while preserve ABI. Feel free\n        * to replace reserved slots with required structure field\n        * additions of your backport, eventually moving the replaced slot\n        * before headers_end, if it need to be copied by __copy_skb_header()\n        *\/\n        u32                     rh_reserved1;\n    u32                     rh_reserved2;\n    u32                     rh_reserved3;\n    u32                     rh_reserved4;\n    union {\n        unsigned int    napi_id;\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(unsigned int     sender_cpu)\n            RH_KABI_DEPRECATE(dma_cookie_t, dma_cookie)\n    };\n#endif\n#ifdef CONFIG_NETWORK_SECMARK\n    __u32                   secmark;\n#endif\n    union {\n        __u32           mark;\n        __u32           dropcount;\n        __u32           reserved_tailroom;\n    };\n\n#ifdef __GENKSYMS__\n    __be16                  inner_protocol;\n#else\n    kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags1);\n    __u8                    RH_KABI_RENAME(local_df, ignore_df) :1,\n    cloned : 1,\n         ip_summed : 2,\n                 nohdr : 1,\n                     nfctinfo : 3;\n    __u8                    pkt_type : 3,\n    fclone : 2,\n         ipvs_property : 1,\n                     peeked : 1,\n                          nf_trace : 1;\n    kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags1);\n    __be16                  protocol;\n\n    void(*destructor)(struct sk_buff *skb);\n#if defined(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK) || defined(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_MODULE)\n    struct nf_conntrack     *nfct;\n#endif\n#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER)\n    struct nf_bridge_info   *nf_bridge;\n#endif\n\n    \/* fields enclosed in headers_start\/headers_end are copied\n    * using a single memcpy() in __copy_skb_header()\n    *\/\n    \/* private: *\/\n    \/* private: *\/\n    RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u32    headers_start&#91;0])\n        \/* public: *\/\n\n        int                     skb_iif;\n\n    RH_KABI_REPLACE(__u32   rxhash,\n        __u32   hash)\n\n\n        __be16                  vlan_proto;\n    __u16                   vlan_tci;\n\n#ifdef CONFIG_NET_SCHED\n    __u16                   tc_index;       \/* traffic control index *\/\n#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT\n    __u16                   tc_verd;        \/* traffic control verdict *\/\n#endif\n#endif\n\n    __u16                   queue_mapping;\n    kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags2);\n#ifdef CONFIG_IPV6_NDISC_NODETYPE\n    __u8                    ndisc_nodetype : 2;\n#endif\n    __u8                    pfmemalloc : 1;\n    __u8                    ooo_okay : 1;\n    __u8                    RH_KABI_RENAME(l4_rxhash, l4_hash) :1;\n    __u8                    wifi_acked_valid : 1;\n    __u8                    wifi_acked : 1;\n    __u8                    no_fcs : 1;\n    __u8                    head_frag : 1;\n    \/* Indicates the inner headers are valid in the skbuff. *\/\n    __u8                    encapsulation : 1;\n    RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     encap_hdr_csum : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     csum_valid : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     csum_valid : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     csum_complete_sw : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     xmit_more : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     inner_protocol_type : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8                     remcsum_offload : 1)\n        \/* 0\/2 bit hole (depending on ndisc_nodetype presence) *\/\n        kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags2);\n\n#if defined CONFIG_NET_DMA_RH_KABI || defined CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL || defined CONFIG_XPS\n    union {\n        unsigned int    napi_id;\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(unsigned int     sender_cpu)\n            RH_KABI_DEPRECATE(dma_cookie_t, dma_cookie)\n    };\n#endif\n#ifdef CONFIG_NETWORK_SECMARK\n    __u32                   secmark;\n#endif\n    union {\n        __u32           mark;\n        __u32           dropcount;\n        __u32           reserved_tailroom;\n    };\n\n#ifdef __GENKSYMS__\n    __be16                  inner_protocol;\n#else\n    union {\n        __be16          inner_protocol;\n        __u8            inner_ipproto;\n    };\n#endif\n\n    __u16                   inner_transport_header;\n    __u16                   inner_network_header;\n    __u16                   inner_mac_header;\n    __u16                   transport_header;\n    __u16                   network_header;\n    __u16                   mac_header;\n\n    RH_KABI_EXTEND(kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags3))\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     csum_level : 2)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     rh_csum_pad : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     rh_csum_bad_unused : 1) \/* one bit hole *\/\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     offload_fwd_mark : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     sw_hash : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     csum_not_inet : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     dst_pending_confirm : 1)\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u8     offload_mr_fwd_mark : 1)\n        \/* 7 bit hole *\/\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags3))\n\n        \/* private: *\/\n        RH_KABI_EXTEND(__u32    headers_end&#91;0])\n        \/* public: *\/\n\n        \/* RHEL SPECIFIC\n        *\n        * The following padding has been inserted before ABI freeze to\n        * allow extending the structure while preserve ABI. Feel free\n        * to replace reserved slots with required structure field\n        * additions of your backport, eventually moving the replaced slot\n        * before headers_end, if it need to be copied by __copy_skb_header()\n        *\/\n        u32                     rh_reserved1;\n    u32                     rh_reserved2;\n    u32                     rh_reserved3;\n    u32                     rh_reserved4;\n\n    \/* These elements must be at the end, see alloc_skb() for details.  *\/\n    sk_buff_data_t          tail;\n    sk_buff_data_t          end;\n    unsigned char           *head,\n        *data;\n    unsigned int            truesize;\n    atomic_t                users;\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u7684IO\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>IO\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u7b49\u5f85IO\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53IO\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u5916\u8bbe\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55IO\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u8ba9IO\u53d8\u5f97\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9493\u9c7c\u4e94\u4eba\u7ec4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>IO\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5176\u5b9e\u548c\u9493\u9c7c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9493\u9c7c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u540c\u6837\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7b49\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\uff0c\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u540e\u5c06\u9c7c\u4ece\u6cb3\u91cc\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9c7c\u6876\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IO\u65f6\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\uff0c\u9493\u9c7c\u4e5f\u6070\u597d\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u9493\u9c7c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u5728\u7b49\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u540e\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u9c7c\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u4e0a\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/828d041793b14c7fd571427aa6b3caa0.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/828d041793b14c7fd571427aa6b3caa0.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u9ad8\u6548\u7684IO\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u624d\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f20\u4e09\uff1a\u62ff\u4e861\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\uff0c\u5c06\u9c7c\u94a9\u629b\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u540e\u5c31\u6b7b\u6b7b\u7684\u76ef\u7740\u6d6e\u6f02\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505a\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u540e\u5c31\u6325\u52a8\u9c7c\u7aff\u5c06\u9c7c\u9493\u4e0a\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u674e\u56db\uff1a\u62ff\u4e861\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\uff0c\u5c06\u9c7c\u94a9\u629b\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u540e\u5c31\u53bb\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b9a\u671f\u89c2\u5bdf\u6d6e\u6f02\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u5219\u6325\u52a8\u9c7c\u7aff\u5c06\u9c7c\u9493\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u53bb\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u738b\u4e94\uff1a\u62ff\u4e861\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\uff0c\u5c06\u9c7c\u94a9\u629b\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u540e\u5728\u9c7c\u7aff\u9876\u90e8\u7ed1\u4e00\u4e2a\u94c3\u94db\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u53bb\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u94c3\u94db\u54cd\u4e86\u5c31\u6325\u52a8\u9c7c\u7aff\u5c06\u9c7c\u9493\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9c7c\u7aff\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8d75\u516d\uff1a\u62ff\u4e86100\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\uff0c\u5c06100\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\u629b\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u540e\u5c31\u5b9a\u671f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9100\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\u7684\u6d6e\u6f02\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\u6709\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u5219\u6325\u52a8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9c7c\u7aff\u5c06\u9c7c\u9493\u4e0a\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7530\u4e03\uff1a\u7530\u4e03\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u94b1\u7684\u8001\u677f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed9\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53f8\u673a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\uff0c\u8ba9\u53f8\u673a\u53bb\u9493\u9c7c\uff0c\u5f53\u9c7c\u6876\u88c5\u6ee1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u544a\u8bc9\u7530\u4e03\u6765\u62ff\u9c7c\uff0c\u800c\u7530\u4e03\u81ea\u5df1\u5219\u5f00\u8f66\u53bb\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u53bb\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u6837\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u6548\u7387\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9996\u5148\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u7b49\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u9c7c\u9493\u4e0a\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u62ff\u7684\u4e00\u6839\u9c7c\u7aff\uff0c\u5f53\u6cb3\u91cc\u6709\u9c7c\u6765\u54ac\u9c7c\u94a9\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u9c7c\u54ac\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u9c7c\u94a9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u7b49\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5f20\u4e09\u662f\u6b7b\u7b49\uff0c\u674e\u56db\u662f\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u6d4b\u6d6e\u6f02\uff0c\u800c\u738b\u4e94\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u94c3\u94db\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u6574\u4f53\u8c01\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6574\u4f53\u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u738b\u4e94\u505a\u5f97\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u674e\u56db\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f20\u4e09\u6700\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u5b83\u4eec\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u522b\u548c\u8d75\u516d\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8c01\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d75\u516d\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u9493\u9c7c\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d75\u516d\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\u4e0a\u6709\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u8d75\u516d\u7684\u9c7c\u7aff\u6709\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u8d75\u516d\u62ff\u4e8697\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u7684\u9c7c\u7aff\u4e00\u5171\u5c31\u6709100\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u6cb3\u91cc\u6709\u9c7c\u6765\u54ac\u9c7c\u94a9\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u9c7c\u54ac\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u7684\u9c7c\u94a9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u90fd\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u54ac\u8d75\u516d\u7684\u9c7c\u94a9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u4e03\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u8d75\u516d\u7684\u9c7c\u7aff\u4e0a\u6709\u9c7c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u768497\u500d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8d75\u516d\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u6548\u7387\u662f\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d75\u516d\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9ad8\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d75\u516d\u4e00\u6b21\u7b49\u5f85\u591a\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\u4e0a\u7684\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u53e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u7530\u4e03\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7530\u4e03\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53f8\u673a\u5e2e\u81ea\u5df1\u9493\u9c7c\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5f00\u8f66\u53bb\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53f8\u673a\u5177\u4f53\u600e\u4e48\u9493\u9c7c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u4eff\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u3001\u8d75\u516d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u9493\u9c7c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7530\u4e03\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u9493\u9c7c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u9493\u9c7c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u9493\u9c7c\u7684\u662f\u53f8\u673a\uff0c\u7530\u4e03\u5728\u53f8\u673a\u9493\u9c7c\u671f\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u9493\u9c7c\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cdIO\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u7530\u4e03\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u5f02\u6b65IO\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u3001\u8d75\u516d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7b49\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\uff0c\u5f53\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u540e\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u9c7c\u4ece\u6cb3\u91cc\u9493\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230IO\u5f53\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u56db\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u53eb\u505a\u540c\u6b65IO\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4e94\u79cd<a href=\"https:\/\/so.csdn.net\/so\/search?q=IO\u6a21\u578b&amp;spm=1001.2101.3001.7020\">IO\u6a21\u578b<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e94\u79cdIO\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f20\u4e09\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b7b\u7b49\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c31\u662f\u963b\u585eIO\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u674e\u56db\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9c7c\u4e0a\u94a9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u738b\u4e94\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u94c3\u94db\u5f97\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8IO\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u738b\u4e94\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u6b21\u7b49\u5f85\u591a\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7aff\u4e0a\u6709\u9c7c\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662fIO\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7530\u4e03\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u5e2e\u81ea\u5df1\u9493\u9c7c\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u5f02\u6b65IO\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u9493\u9c7c\u4f8b\u5b50\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u963b\u585eIO\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8IO\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8IO\u7684\u6548\u7387\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8IO\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4f53\u505a\u4e8b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9493\u9c7c\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0eIO\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u5e94\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd9\u91cc\u9493\u9c7c\u7684\u6cb3\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u9c7c\u7aff\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6216\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c\u88c5\u9c7c\u7684\u6876\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u79cdIO\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u963b\u585eIO<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u963b\u585eIO\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/5abbbc94ce083e76ce3cff08cf239b58.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u963b\u585eIO\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684IO\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u662f\u963b\u585e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u8c03\u7528recvfrom\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6700\u540erecvfrom\u51fd\u6570\u624d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728recvfrom\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u770b\u6765\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c31\u963b\u585e\u4f4f\u4e86\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u975eR\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u518d\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u5f53\u4e2d\u5524\u9192\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u518d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u963b\u585e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884cIO\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u770b\u6765\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u963b\u585e\u4f4f\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u963b\u585eIO\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u975e\u963b\u585eIO<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5185\u6838\u8fd8\u672a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd4\u56deEWOULDBLOCK\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/1ceef93e719f3eea8215c5d12c5303f1.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4ee5\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53cd\u590d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f6e\u8be2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9CPU\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u8c03\u7528recvfrom\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48recvfrom\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u7acb\u9a6c\u9519\u8bef\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540e\u7eed\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u8c03\u7528recvfrom\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u9519\u8bef\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u6b21\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528recvfrom\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\uff0crecvfrom\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7acb\u9a6c\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u770b\u6765\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u4f4f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u963b\u585eIO\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u963b\u585eIO\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8IO<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8IO\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SIGIO\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u77e5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884cIO\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/29729eb12cb6ceae1bdf693e6c7360f2.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9012\u4ea4SIGIO\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7signal\u6216sigaction\u51fd\u6570\u5c06SIGIO\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7684IO\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f53\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528recvfrom\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aSIGIO\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u9012\u4ea4SIGIO\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8IO\u662f\u540c\u6b65IO\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f46\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8IO\u662f\u540c\u6b65IO\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u505c\u4e0b\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u4e0eIO\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2aIO\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u4e0eIO\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6b65IO\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u5f02\u6b65IO\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>IO\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>IO\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\u4e5f\u53eb\u505aIO\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u7b49\u5f85\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/fd9fbdf84e4c0feff9f0be9e495c9184.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IO\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u56e0\u4e3aIO\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684recvfrom\u7b49\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7b49\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u867d\u7136recvfrom\u7b49\u63a5\u53e3\u4e5f\u6709\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837IO\u6548\u7387\u592a\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e09\u7ec4\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u53eb\u505aselect\u3001poll\u548cepoll\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7b49\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\u518d\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684recvfrom\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>IO\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\u5c31\u50cf\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u9ec4\u725b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7IO\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u5e2e\u4eba\u6392\u961f\u7684\u9ec4\u725b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u9645\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6392\u961f\u9ec4\u725b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u5e2e\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6392\u961f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6392\u961f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u53e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5f02\u6b65IO<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f02\u6b65IO\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u5185\u6838\u5728\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/64dc8a5ba2218fad0c932c276485e12e.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6b65IO\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f02\u6b65IO\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65IO\u63a5\u53e3\u8c03\u7528\u540e\u4f1a\u7acb\u9a6c\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65IO\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u90fd\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u53d1\u8d77IO\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53IO\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6b65IO\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0eIO\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9ad8\u7ea7IO\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u540c\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1 VS <a href=\"https:\/\/so.csdn.net\/so\/search?q=\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1&amp;spm=1001.2101.3001.7020\">\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6d88\u606f\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6240\u8c13\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u8c03\u7528\u5c31\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e86\uff1b\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4e3b\u52a8\u7b49\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f02\u6b65\u5219\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u5728\u53d1\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u53d1\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u53d1\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u901a\u77e5\u6765\u901a\u77e5\u8c03\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IO\u662f\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7b49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u4e24\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u8c03\u7528recvfrom\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684IO\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540e\u7eed\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u8c03\u7528recvfrom\uff0c\u8f6e\u8be2\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\u6700\u540e\u518d\u628a\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6574\u7684IO\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u7eed\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6e\u8be2\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u8c03\u7528\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67d0\u6b21\u8f6e\u8be2\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u540e\u624d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u540c\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1 VS \u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u907f\u514d\u9965\u997f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u800c\u540c\u6b65IO\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u4e3b\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0eIO\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u770b\u5230\u201c\u540c\u6b65\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u660e\u786e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540c\u6b65\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u963b\u585e VS <strong>\u975e\u963b\u585e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u963b\u585e\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff09\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u6307\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u88ab\u6302\u8d77\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u6307\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u8c03\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u7ea7IO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u9501\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edfV\u6d41\u673a\u5236\uff0cI\/O\u591a\u8def\u8f6c\u63a5\uff08\u4e5f\u53ebI\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\uff09\uff0creadv\u548cwritev\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u50a8\u6620\u5c04IO\uff08mmap\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7IO\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u963b\u585eIO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u662f\u963b\u585e\u5f0f\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u5f53\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;\n#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;\n\nint main()\n{\n    char buffer&#91;1024];\n    while (true){\n        ssize_t size = read(0, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);\n        if (size &lt; 0){\n            std::cerr &lt;&lt; \"read error\" &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n            break;\n        }\n        buffer&#91;size] = '\\0';\n        std::cout &lt;&lt; \"echo# \" &lt;&lt; buffer &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u4f4f\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64read\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/db69175ecf9933e4c4debfc0c851c8ec.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8f93\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6read\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7acb\u9a6c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u5165\u7684buffer\u6570\u7ec4\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u663e\u793a\u5668\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/70ddf10c20b93bbc11e04f0943bc9e78.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C++\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684cin\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684scanf\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u662fcin\u548cscanf\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u91cc\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u975e\u963b\u585eIO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u963b\u585e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4ee5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u643a\u5e26<code>O_NONBLOCK<\/code>\u6216<code>O_NDELAY<\/code>\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/87d0f78f0cb8666a808e9ded2ab0285f.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5c06\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230fcntl\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>fcntl\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>fcntl\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, ... \/* arg *\/);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>fd\uff1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cmd\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2026\uff1a\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u7684cmd\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>fcntl\u51fd\u6570\u5e38\u7528\u76845\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684cmd\u53d6\u503c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff08cmd=F_DUPFD\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u83b7\u5f97\/\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6807\u8bb0\uff08cmd=F_GETFD\u6216F_SETFD\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u83b7\u5f97\/\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bb0\uff08cmd=F_GETFL\u6216F_SETFL\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u83b7\u5f97\/\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff08cmd=F_GETOWN\u6216F_SETOWN\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u83b7\u5f97\/\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bb0\u5f55\u9501\uff08cmd=F_GETLK, F_SETLK\u6216F_SETLKW\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de-1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0SetNonBlock\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5148\u8c03\u7528fcntl\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bb0\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8c03\u7528fcntl\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4f20\u5165\u7684cmd\u503c\u4e3a<code>F_GETFL<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6807\u8bb0<code>O_NONBLOCK<\/code>\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528fcntl\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bb0\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8c03\u7528fcntl\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4f20\u5165\u7684cmd\u503c\u4e3a<code>F_SETFL<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>bool SetNonBlock(int fd)\n{\n    int fl = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);\n    if (fl &lt; 0){\n        std::cerr &lt;&lt; \"fcntl error\" &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n        return false;\n    }\n    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fl | O_NONBLOCK);\n    return true;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e86\u975e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4ee5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8f6e\u8be2\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528SetNonBlock\u51fd\u6570\u5c060\u53f7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;\n#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;\n#include &lt;signal.h&gt;\n#include &lt;cstring&gt;\n#include &lt;cerrno&gt;\nbool SetNonBlock(int fd)\n{\n    int fl = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);\n    if (fl &lt; 0){\n        std::cerr &lt;&lt; \"fcntl error\" &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n        return false;\n    }\n    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fl | O_NONBLOCK);\n    return true;\n}\nint main()\n{\n    SetNonBlock(0);\n    char buffer&#91;1024];\n    while (true){\n        ssize_t size = read(0, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);\n        if (size &lt; 0){\n            if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK){ \/\/\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\n                std::cout &lt;&lt; strerror(errno) &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n                sleep(1);\n                continue;\n            }\n            else if (errno == EINTR){ \/\/\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u65ad\n                std::cout &lt;&lt; strerror(errno) &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n                sleep(1);\n                continue;\n            }\n            else{\n                std::cerr &lt;&lt; \"read error\" &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n        buffer&#91;size] = '\\0';\n        std::cout &lt;&lt; \"echo# \" &lt;&lt; buffer &lt;&lt; std::endl;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53read\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48read\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\uff0cread\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4ee5\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a<code>EAGAIN<\/code>\u6216<code>EWOULDBLOCK<\/code>\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/34cb117197ac86395cc52cc243029766.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4ee5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f-1\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u7684\u503c\u662f<code>EAGAIN<\/code>\u6216<code>EWOULDBLOCK<\/code>\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u672c\u6b21\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u51fa\u9519\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540e\u7eed\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6e\u8be2\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u7ee7\u7eed\u65f6\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6read\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a<code>EINTR<\/code>\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884cread\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/9d07717c56e7b678f971d711381dcb12.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4ee5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a-1\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba4\u4e3aread\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u8bef\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u7684\u503c\u4e3a<code>EAGAIN<\/code>\u3001<code>EWOULDBLOCK<\/code>\u6216<code>EINTR<\/code>\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u518d\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/4e7c4d2969ba7a8507595aa70bb741e5.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8f93\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6read\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8f6e\u8be2\u68c0\u6d4b\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u7acb\u9a6c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u5165\u7684buffer\u6570\u7ec4\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u663e\u793a\u5668\u4e0a\u9762\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.codergodv.xyz\/62e9175634d9271007bed300f1d1bee0.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IO\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fIO\uff1f I\/O\uff08input\/output\uff09\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u5f53\u4e2d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,1],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","category-learn","tag-io"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=163"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":164,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163\/revisions\/164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=163"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codergodv.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}